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The Italian cruise ship ''Costa Concordia'' capsized and sank after striking an underwater rock obstruction off Isola del Giglio, Tuscany, on 13 January 2012, with the loss of 32 lives. The ship, carrying 4,252 people, was on the first leg of a cruise around the Mediterranean Sea, starting from Civitavecchia in Lazio, Italy, when she deviated from her planned route at the Isola del Giglio, coming closer to that island, and struck a rock formation on the sea floor. The impact could be heard by passengers on board and caused a temporary power blackout when water flooded the engine room. The captain, Francesco Schettino, ordered evacuation after an hour of drifting, during which the ship had started to list. Meanwhile, the harbour authorities were alerted by worried passengers, and vessels were sent to the rescue. During a six-hour evacuation, most passengers were brought ashore. The search for missing people continued for several months, with all but two being accounted for. The ship was righted on 17 September 2013, and on 24 October 2013 it was reported that DNA analysis of one body found earlier in the same month confirmed it was the body of missing Italian passenger Maria Grazia Trecarichi.〔 ''Costa Concordia'', operated by Costa Crociere (Costa Cruises), is one of the largest ships ever to be abandoned, dominating international media in the days after the disaster. Captain Schettino was arrested on preliminary charges of manslaughter in connection with causing a shipwreck, failing to assist 300 passengers, and failing to be the last to leave the wreck.〔 He was later charged with failing to describe to maritime authorities the scope of the disaster〔〔 and with abandoning incapacitated passengers.〔 Costa Cruises offered compensation to passengers (to a limit of €11,000 a person) to pay for all damages, including the value of the cruise. One-third of the passengers took this offer. The company also at first offered to pay Captain Schettino's legal costs, but later changed its position. There were immediate fears of an ecological disaster, because the partially submerged wreck was in danger of slipping into much deeper water, with a risk of oil pollution that could have devastated the popular tourist zone. In the end, no significant fuel leak occurred, and all the fuel was extracted safely from the ship by 24 March 2012. ''Costa Concordia'' has been officially declared a "constructive total loss" by the insurance company, with her salvage expected to be "one of the biggest maritime salvage operations".〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url= http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28437238 )〕 On 16 September 2013, the parbuckle salvage of the ship began.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24104741 )〕 The operation started late that day due to bad weather,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/93233/bad-weather-delays-parbuckling-operations-on-costa-concordia/ )〕 and by the early hours of 17 September 2013 the wreck was set upright on its underwater cradle. In July 2014, the ship was refloated by large caissons (metal tanks) attached to its sides and was towed 320 kilometres (200 miles) to its home port of Genoa.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Costa Concordia reaches Genoa's main port for scrapping after 200-mile journey from wreckage site )〕 There the ship will be dismantled and materials from the ship will be recycled. On 11 February 2015, after a trial of more than eighteen months, Captain Schettino was found guilty of manslaughter of 32 passengers by the Judge Giovanni Puliatti and sentenced to 16 years in prison. Prosecutors had asked for a 26-year sentence, but the court gave Schettino ten years for multiple manslaughter, five years for causing the shipwreck, one year for abandoning the passengers, and one month for providing false information to port authorities. He is expected to appeal. He would remain free during the lengthy Italian appeal process.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Costa Concordia captain Francesco Schettino guilty of manslaughter )〕 ==Route== ''Costa Concordia'' (call sign: IBHD, IMO number: 9320544, MMSI number: 247158500), with 3,206 passengers and 1,023 crew members on board,〔 was sailing off Isola del Giglio on the night of 13 January 2012, having begun a planned seven-day cruise from Civitavecchia to Savona and five other ports.〔 She struck her port side on a reef〔〔 at 21:42 or 21:45 local time.〔 The reef is charted as an area known as Le Scole,〔〔 about south of the entrance to the harbour of Giglio Porto, on the island's east coast. The initial impact was at a point below water at the "Scola piccola"〔〔 , the most seaward exposed rock of Le Scole, which tore a gash in the ship's port side below the water line.〔 The impact sheared two long strips of steel from the ship's hull; these were later found on the seabed from the main island.〔〔 The ship has a large boulder embedded in her hull at the aft end of the impact gash.〔 A few minutes after the impact, the head of the engine room warned the captain that the hull had an irreparable tear of 〔 through which water entered and submerged the generators and engines.〔 Without propulsive power and on emergency electric power, the ship "shifted position only by means of inertia and the rudders"〔 and continued north from Le Scole until well past Giglio Porto.〔 Captain Schettino has said various instruments were not functioning.〔 Reports differ whether the ship listed to port soon after the impact and when she began listing to starboard.〔〔 At 22:10, the vessel turned south. The vessel was then listing to starboard, initially by about 20°, coming to rest by 22:44〔 at Punta del Gabbianara in about 20 metres〔 of water at an angle of heel of about 70°. Captain Schettino attributes the final grounding of the ship at Punta del Gabbianara to his own effort to manoeuvre the ship there.〔 In contrast, on 3 February, the chief of the Italian Coast Guard testified that the final grounding of the ship at Punta del Gabbianara may not have been related to any attempts to manoeuvre the ship〔 and the ship may have drifted simply due to the prevailing winds that night.〔http://www.rina.org.uk/costa_concordia_passenger_evacuation.html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Costa Concordia disaster」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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